What Happened To Denise Milani?

MULHACÉN: VÉRTICE GEODÉSICO

E n 1879 he carried out the most important work of the English Geodesy, the link with our geodetic network in Algeria. Was performed and the desired dream of completing the measurement of a meridian arc of 28 ° of extension, from the Shetlands to the edge of the Sahara, as proposed by General Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero, Marquis Mulhacén to International Geodetic Association in 1866.

Spain-Algeria link was a demonstration of technological and scientific capacity. Operation led by Spain and France General Ibanez Colonel Perrier.

impressive view from a satellite

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vertices from which the observations were made:

• Mulhacén, is the highest mountain in Sierra Nevada, is top of the first order of the English geodetic network, and is located in the province Granada, at 37 º 03 '12 " North latitude and 0 º 22 '34 "longitude east of Madrid. Although not exceed 35 km distance from the horizontal projection of the summit to the coast, the altitude of the mountain reaches the figure of 3481 meters.

Mulhacén
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• Tetica, is the highest point of the Sierra de los Filabres, which runs northwest-southeast direction, and occupies in the province of Almeria, almost all the territory between the rivers Almanzora and Almeria. This summit, whose altitude of 2,080 meters, is located 37 ° 15 '12 "north latitude and 1 º 16' 29" east longitude meridian of Madrid. It is also top of the first order of the English geodetic network.

Bacares Tetica of
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• Filhaoussen is located at the eastern extremity of a very characteristic mountain, which runs south of Nemours and Nedroma, in the province of Oran. The mountain, easily accessible, is directed from southwest to northeast. Filhaoussen peak, which has an altitude of 1,137 meters, is top of the first order Parallel triangulation of Algeria, and is located at 35 º 00 '35 "north latitude and 4 º 01' 40" longitude west of the meridian of Paris.

• M'Sabiha, is the highlight of the Sierra del Murdjadjo, which runs from east to west in an area of \u200b\u200b50 km, near the Gulf of Oran, forming in this region a first step of the Atlas. The spot chosen for vertex is at 591 meters above sea level, 35 º 39 '37 "latitude North and 3 º 11' 11" longitude west of Paris.

The agreement drawn up between the two governments agreed the following points:

• Each nation should observe in their own territory.

• The comments would be simultaneous at the four corners.

heliographs • Employment during the day and electric light at night.

• Use of tools and machinery identical and the same methods.

also was thought to take this opportunity to make astronomical observations in order to close the large polygon-Madrid Paris-Marseille-Algiers, to the ground missing the difference in length between Algiers and M'Sabiha, and sea and that between M'Sabiha Tetica.

many meters were constructed mountain roads two meters wide, by whom and with great difficulty, it was hoisted to the greater height of the peninsula, that is, to the apex of Mulhacen, at the height of Sierra Nevada, the enormous wealth of knowledge that was necessary to use.

In early September, just installed in their bases, they unleashed a storm of wind and snow. The thermometer fell to ten degrees below zero. Experienced observers at the four corners descry the disappointment of the day from one side to another in the Mediterranean area transmitting signals interact.

never once spotted from a continent reflections of sunlight with heliographs were dispatched from the other, and had been complete failure of the expedition, had not used during the night the electric lights using powerful searchlights were sent each other.

The observations were made at night, from 9 September to 4 October, using azimuthal circles and electric lamps powered by steam-powered generators.

The penalties experienced staff camped in Mulhacén almost no name. Barometric pressure fluctuated around 500 mm, producing harmful health effects of observers. The temperature varied greatly, and after the sun started to descend, being unbearable cold many degrees below zero.

On the frozen snow fell during the night on a new snowfall, which increased the thickness of the covering mountains and valleys. And if this were not enough, on the morning of September 19, struck by lightning on the summit of Mulhacen, breaking part of the apparatus.

Despite the bad weather natural intervals were obtained to measure all the angles of the ring and complete the geodesic link which is considered as the first geodesic link between continents.

For the success of this major operation geodesic and its international repercussions, the Queen Regent Maria Cristina granted by Royal Decree of February 8, 1889, Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero the title of Marquis of Mulhacén.

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See how Cesar Giron tells the saga of the rise to Mulhacén in his book "Miscellaneous Granada "

At the top of the Colossus in summer

In early August 1879, he began the ascent Mulhacén from Vélez Benaudalla by Guadalfeo River Valley, the gorge of the River and Upper Poqueira drilling, to reach the top of the Penibética. Were more than 18 days of hardship and suffering, because the means of transport used were bullock carts. On August 20 exhausted men and animals, the peak was reached in which Mulhacén quickly began work on the operation of the equipment transferred to the geodesic link, based on the sighting of the light signals emitted from the other three peaks. In particularly harsh weather conditions, which were deter residents and Capileira Trevélez who had joined the military, prompting the government to have to force them to stay in office, monitoring began on September 1, with very poor momentary results, since they could only connect with the Tetica and some sporadic sightings of lights nocturnal elevations in Africa, who were to no avail.

The Colossus at his most hard

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Finally, on September 23, when fears for the success of the company, for several hours during the morning and several during the night, clearly perceived the signals from the African elevations, which allowed make appropriate measurements for triangulation searched. Thus, the geodesic link between Europe and Africa, which allowed the identification of the terrestrial radio had been made.

The abandonment of the summit by the detachment installed there, left in the same buildings that had been used there, which were looted almost immediately to seize their materials by the residents of the Alpujarra villages.

NITO

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